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With coal fly ash amendment rate increasing, concentrations of Zn and Cu in shoot tissues of corn decreased significantly, but concentrations of Cd and Ni did not change significantly. Significant correlations were found between concentrations of Cu and Zn in corn shoot and oxide and total Cu fractions, and all chemical fractions of Zn in fly ash-stabilized sludge, respectively. Hence, ash amendment significantly reduced the availability of heavy metals by chemical modification of their chemical speciation into less available forms. The chlorophyll content differed significantly the treatments at 1, 3 and 5 months old. The amount of chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B and total chlorophyll decreased gradually during the study period for all the treatments. The chlorotic nature of nutrient deficient plants was attributed to impaired photosynthesis resulting from the direct effect of the fly ash medium on the protein level and the chlorophyll content of the chloroplast. The best treatment for increasing the chlorophyll content of the leaves of Acacia nilotica was fly ash + sand + N(2000 ppm) + P (25 ppm). The soils were prepared by mixing kaolinite or montmorillonite with fine quartz sand and then subjecting the samples to s/s treatment. Circulating fluidized bed combustion product addition to acid soil: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. The combustion process creates a bed product that has potential for agricultural uses. However, these concentrations did not reach levels that might cause environmental problems. Characterization of Pond ash and soil for optimization of the dose for agriculture, have been carried out for physical and chemical properties as well as trace elements and radionuclides. Randomized Block Design experiments have been conducted on wasteland plots by admixing Pond ash at the rate of 10% (280 T ha-1) and 20% (560 T ha-1) in 1999. The effect of trace elements like Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, Co, Cd etc present in the soil admixed with Pond ash application were tested. The radioactivity levels like 226Ra, 228Ac and 40K in the ash admixed soil have been analysed. Due to the Pond ash admixing in soil, no toxicity symptoms have been noticed on the crop physiology during the crop growth stages. The presence of the above trace elements and radioactivity levels in the food (grains/seeds/bulbs) grown on the ash admixed plots are with in the permissible limits. In addition, this clean technology of bulk utilisation of Pond ash in agriculture has been paying dividends to the farming community in the form of 20 - 25% increased crop yields due to the favourable soil modification and micro-nutrients like Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Co supplied by the Pond ash to the plants. A toxicity test of different age groups (juvenile, immature and adult) of Drawida willsi earthworms, dominant (>80% both in number and biomass) in crop fields of India, was conducted for 14 days at different concentrations of fly ash amended soil. On the basis of the results of the toxicity test, seven concentrations of fly ash amended soil were chosen (0, 2. The results demonstrated little or no inhibition of soil respiration and enzyme activities up to 2. With further addition of fly ash, all the above activities were significantly decreased. On the other hand, significant stimulation of soil respiration and microbial activities were observed up to 5% fly ash amendment when the soils contained earthworms. This may be due to increased microbial activity induced by substrates that are produced by the earthworms. Co-application of fly ash and earthworms at lower doses can thus be considered to stimulate soil biological activity and thereby improve nutrient cycling in acidic soil. Indian coal typically has ash content of 30-60%, which results in low calorific value however low in sulphur, radioactive elements and heavy metals content. The major utilisation is in cement, concrete, bricks, wood substitute products, soil stabilisation, road base/embankment, and consolidation of ground, land reclamation and for agriculture. Coal fly ash and lime stabilized biosolids as an ameliorant for boron deficient acidic soils.

Prothrombinase complex A complex formed by coagulation factors Xa and V, calcium, and phospholipid. Prothrombin group the group of coagulation factors that are vitamin K-dependent for synthesis of their functional forms and that require calcium for binding to a phospholipid surface. This redistribution of cells accompanies vigorous exercise, epinephrine administration, anesthesia, convulsion, and anxiety states; also called immediate or shift neutrophilia. Unlike the real Pelger-Huлt anomaly, the nucleus of this cell contains a significant amount of euchromatin and stains more lightly. A critical differentiation point is that all neutrophils are equally affected in the genetic form of pelgerhuлt anomaly, but only a fraction of neutrophils will be hyposegmented cells in the acquired state. Obstruction of the pulmonary artery or one of its branches by a clot or foreign material that has been dislodged from another area by the blood current. A technique by which undesirable cells that are present in the blood or bone marrow products are removed. Pertaining to degeneration of the nucleus of the cell in which the chromatin condenses to a solid, structureless mass and shrinks. These limits are used to determine if a test method is in control, and to minimize the chance of inaccurate patient results. If the test method is out of control, an intervention is required to reconcile the problem. A phase in a cell that has exited the cell cycle and is in a nonproliferative state. Changes in the shape of the radar chart are indicative of different hematologic disorders. Random access Capability of an automated hematology instrument to process specimens independently of one another; may be programmed to run individual tests. This type of variation can be either positive or negative in direction and affects precision. The indices give a clue as to what the erythrocytes should look like on a stained blood film. The cell is usually larger than the resting lymphocyte and has an irregular shape. The nucleus is often elongated and irregular with a finer chromatin pattern than that of the resting lymphocyte. Often this cell is increased in viral infections; also called a virocyte, or stimulated, transformed, atypical, activated, or leukocytoid lymphocyte. Measurement of absorbance due to reagent alone; eliminates false increase in sample absorbance due to reagent color. Thrombus composed mostly of red blood cells; so named because of its red coloration. Refractive Index the degree to which a transparent object will deflect a light ray from a straight path. Refractory Pertains to disorders or diseases that do not respond readily to therapy. There are usually cytopenias and signs of dyspoiesis in the peripheral blood with <5% blasts. The bone marrow is usually hypercellular with dyspoiesis in all hematopoietic cell lineages. Range that is defined by a minimum value and a maximum value of calibration material. Normally reticulocytes constitute approximately 1% of the circulating erythrocyte population. The calculation corrects the reticulocyte count for the presence of marrow reticulocytes in the peripheral blood. Ribosomes appear singly or in reversibly dissociable units and may be free in the cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum.

However, they exhibited shorter N immobilization effects than was shown for maize stover and sawdust at Makoholi, suggesting that pre-application treatments, such as composting, employed by farmers enhance seasonal N benefits from these materials. Maize yields increased linearly with total N added in these resources in combination with N fertilizer, justifying the high organic matter loading strategy. Effects of organized soil cultivation on yield and quality of tomato in greenhouse. The treatments comprised: 25% manure + 75% wheat straw (T1); 25% manure + 75% sawdust (T2); 25% manure + 75% maize stalk (T3); 25% manure + 75% mushroom residue (T4); 25% manure + 50% maize stalk + 25% wheat straw (T5); 25% manure + 50% maize stalk + 25% sawdust (T6); 25% manure + 50% maize stalk + 25% peat (T7); 25% 292 Wood Byproducts manure + 50% maize stalk + 25% mushroom residue (T8); 25% manure + 50% maize stalk + 25% vermiculite (T9); and 37. T9 gave the highest average fruit weight (146 g) and lowest ratio of blossom end rot incidence (2. Comparative data on the changes of physical properties of different substrates from sowing to harvest are also tabulated. Effects of phosphorus and nitrogen manipulations on tallgrass prairie restoration. To increase the degree of N-limitation in half of the experimental units, 3 plots from each of the 9 N availability treatments were randomly selected in spring 1997. Results strongly suggest that soil P can mediate the effects of variations in soil N supply on the abundance of the 2 native prairie grasses. Effects of soil amendment with sawdust and rice husks on the growth and incidence of seedling blight of Tamarindus indica Linn. The amended soils in pots were allowed to stand for 5, 10, 15 and 20 days before sowing the seeds of T. The incidence of seedling blight diseases was less in seedlings raised in soils with sawdust and rice husk amendments. The increase in the number of days between amendment application and planting also influenced the reduction in the incidence of seedling blight. The number of compound leaves and plant height were significant in seedlings produced from seeds sown at 20 days after the application of soil amendment. Sawdust was more effective in the reduction of the incidence of seedling blight of T. The effects of soil amendments with sawdust and rice husks on the incidence of seedling blight caused by Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani and the growth of Parkia biglobosa. The amended soil in pots was allowed to stand for 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days before planting seeds of P. The incidence of seedling blight diseases was less in seedlings raised in soils with sawdust and that of rice husk amendments respectively, allowing the soil in pots to stay for some days after the amendment, before planting also influenced the reduction in the incidence of the seedling blight. The number of compound leaves and plant height were significant in seedlings whose seeds were sown after 20 days of soil amendment. Sawdust amendment however, was found to be more effective in reducing the incidence of seedling blight of P. Effects of strains and medium compositions on yield and cell toxic activities of fruit bodies in sawdustbased cultivation of Yamabushitake (Hericium erinaceum). Six strains, maintained in the Nagano Forestry Centre, were used: 4 from Japan, one from Taiwan and one from China. Cell toxicity was determined by adding hot water extracts of fruit bodies to growing HeLa cells. Two strains, Y5 293 Use of Industrial Byproducts in Agriculture and Y6, had the ability to form mature fruit bodies in a short period of cultivation and higher yield than the other 4 strains. On the other hand, the extracts from Y1 and Y2 exhibited the highest cell toxicity potential. The effects of using different maize cob meal levels and supplements were also investigated. Addition of maize cob meal as substrate to sawdust media decreased fruit body yield, shortened the cultivation period and increased cytotoxic activity. Addition of wheat bran as a supplement to the sawdust media improved cytotoxic activity but decreased fruit body yield. The results indicate that mature fruit body with high cytotoxic activity can be produced if Japanese strains such as Y1 and Y2 are cultivated with maize cob meal as a substrate and wheat bran as a supplement to sawdust media. Descriptors: ammonia loss/ composting/ dairy/ manure/ nitrogen loss/ sawdust/ straw/ windrow/ ammonia/ manures/ nitrogen/ sawdust/ straw/ ammonia loss/ dairy/ nitrogen loss/ windrow/ composting/ ammonia / composting/ manure/ nitrogen/ saw dust/ straw Abstract: Composting is an increasingly popular manure management tool for dairies. However, there is little information on the effects of common amendment and bedding types (straw, sawdust and sand) on windrow size, mass, volume, dry matter, and nitrogen losses during composting. In this study, straw, sawdust and sand bedded dairy manures were amended with either sawdust or straw and composted on multiple occasions.